Chapter 10. CULVERTS  


§ 10.1. Introduction
§ 10.2. Hydraulics of Culverts
Appendix 10.3. Design Guidelines
§ 10.3.1. Design Frequency
§ 10.3.2. Inlet Control
§ 10.3.3. Outlet Control
Appendix 10.3.4. Energy Losses Through Culvert
§ 10.3.4.1. Free Surface Flow - Type A
§ 10.3.4.2. Full Flow in Conduit - Type B
§ 10.3.4.3. Full Flow at Outlet and Free Surface Flow at Inlet - Type BA
§ 10.3.4.4. Free Surface at Outlet and Full Flow at Inlet - Type AB
§ 10.3.5. Energy Balance at Inlet
§ 10.3.6. Determination of Outlet Velocity
§ 10.3.7. Depth Estimation Approaches
§ 10.3.8. Direct Step Backwater Method
§ 10.3.9. Subcritical Flow and Steep Slope
§ 10.3.10. Supercritical Flow and Steep Slope
§ 10.3.11. Hydraulic Jump in Culverts
§ 10.3.12. Sequent Depth
§ 10.3.13. Roadway Overtopping
§ 10.3.14. Performance Curves
§ 10.3.15. Exit Loss Considerations
Appendix 10.3.16. Materials and Specifications
§ 10.3.16.1. Pipe Material
§ 10.3.16.2. Minimum Structural Loads
§ 10.3.16.3. Mud Slab
Appendix 10.3.17. Railing
§ 10.3.17.1. Hand Rail
§ 10.3.17.2. Traffic Rail
§ 10.3.17.3. Guard Rail
Appendix 10.4. Velocity Protection and Control Devices
§ 10.4.1. Excess Velocity
§ 10.4.2. Velocity Protection Devices
Appendix 10.4.3. Velocity Control Devices
§ 10.4.3.1. Broken Back Design
§ 10.4.3.2. Stilling Basin
§ 10.4.3.3. Contra Costa Basin
§ 10.4.3.4. USBR Type VI Impact Basin
§ 10.4.3.5. Baffle Blocks
Appendix 10.5. Special Applications - Detours
§ 10.5.1. Detour Culverts
§ 10.5.2. Risk
§ 10.5.3. Engineering Requirements
Appendix 10.6. References
§ 10.6.1. Reference Citations
§ 10.6.2. References