The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 33 USC 1251-1387, was adopted in 1948 and,
after amendments in 1972 and 1977, became known as the Clean Water Act (CWA). This
act was enacted for the regulation of pollutants in the WOUS with the objective of
restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the
nations' waters. This Act operates by authorizing water quality standards for surface
water, requiring permits for point discharges of pollutants into WOUS. The EPA is
the primary agency tasked with enforcing the CWA, although it also works in conjunction
with State Environmental Agencies and the USACE.
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