Open channel flow can be characterized in many ways. Types of flow are commonly characterized
by variability with respect to time and space. The following terms are used to identify
types of open channel flow:
Steady flow
—conditions at any point in a stream remain constant with respect to time (Daugherty
and Franzini 1977).
Unsteady flow
—flow conditions (e.g., depth) vary with time
Uniform flow
—the magnitude and direction of velocity in a stream are the same at all points in
the stream at a given time (Daugherty and Franzini 1977). If a channel is uniform
and resistance and gravity forces are in exact balance, the water surface will be
parallel to the bottom of the channel for uniform flow.
Varied flow
—discharge, depth, or other characteristics of the flow change along the course of
the stream. For a steady flow condition, flow is termed
rapidly varied
if these characteristics change over a short distance. If characteristics change over
a longer stretch of the channel for steady flow conditions, flow is termed
gradually varied
.
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