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The hydraulic jump is a natural phenomenon that occurs when supercritical flow is
forced to change to subcritical flow by an obstruction to the flow. This abrupt change
in flow condition is accompanied by considerable turbulence and loss of energy. The
hydraulic jump can be illustrated by use of a specific energy diagram as shown in
Figure 9.2.7. The flow enters the jump at supercritical velocity, V
1
, and depth, y
1
, that has a specific energy of E = y
1
+ V
1
/(2g). The kinetic energy term, V
/(2g), is predominant. As the depth of flow increases through the jump, the specific
energy decreases. Flow leaves the jump area at subcritical velocity with the potential
energy, y, predominant.
Figure 9.2.7
- Hydraulic Jump
(Source FHWA, HEC-14 Hydraulic Design of Energy Dissipators, 3ed)
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